Glossary
acidic
having a pH level of less than 7.0 on a scale of 1 to 14
alkali
having a pH level of 7.0 or greater on a scale of 1 to 14
alternate
leaves places singly at intervals along the stem
arid
very dry and hot climate
borne
produced
broadleaf
trees that usually shed their leaves; also known as hardwoods or deciduous
browse
shoots, twigs and leaves of trees and shrubs used by animals for food
catkin
slender, flexible, simple, compact cluster of flowers of same sex without petals
compound
leaf having several distinct blades on a common leaf stalk
coniferous
trees and shrubs that include pine, firs, spruces, cedars and other cone-bearing plants, leaves of these trees are needle or scale-like and usually evergreen
crown
live branches and foliage of the tree
drought tolerant
capacity of tree or plant to grow and thrive in very dry soil conditions
fire blight
bacterial disease characterized by shepherds crooks
fissures
cracks, opening
furrow
marked narrow depression; groove, wrinkle or line
hectare
one hectare equals 2.47 acres
loam
loose-textured soil consisting of a mixture of sand, clay and containing organic matter
lobed
having curved or rounded projections or divisions
margin
edge of a leaf
needle
long and slender leaf such as those found on conifers including pine and spruce
nutlet
small nut
opposite
leaves arranged in pairs at intervals along stem
samara
nutlet with wings
sand
course textured, granular soil
scale
fleshy formations that may eventually become woody, arranged like leaves of tree around a central axis, but placed very close to one another to form a cone
scarify
to cut or soften the wall of a hard seed to hasten germination
serrated
toothed or notched like a saw
shade tolerant
capacity of tree or plant to develop and grow in shade of, or in competition with, other trees and plants
shelterbelt
one or a few rows of trees or shrubs planted to reduce effects of soil erosion by wind; designed to deposit snow evenly across cropland
shrub
woody plant typically branching near the ground
silt
very fine textured soil composed of particles of rock and soil
sucker
characteristic by which some trees and shrubs send up new sprouts from their root system as a means of vegetative reproduction
vein
vascular bundles that form framework of leaf and are seen as lines along leaf
winter hardy
ability of plant to survive winter weather in a given region
